Dynamic Measurement of Water Use Level Based on SBM-DEA Model and Its Matching Characteristics with Economic and Social Development: A Case Study of the Yellow River Basin, China

Enhancing the level of water use and alleviating constraints shortage on economic social development are powerful supports to realize harmonious balance society. In this study, data envelopment analysis (DEA) window method is applied study level, SBM-DEA model (slack based measure, SBM) combined explore spatial temporal evolution characteristics composite index (CWUI) in nine provinces from 2012 2018. The Malmquist used decompose intrinsic causes total factor productivity (TFP) changes, matching degree calculation between CWUI levels (E-SDL). results showed that: (1) overall trend 2018 was increasing, with significant variability levels; (2) improvement TFP mainly driven by technological change (TC), main limiting technical efficiency (EC); (3) E-SDL an increasing trend, distribution decreasing downstream, midstream upstream sequence; (4) shows strong regional differences, different types matching.